Maître de conférences

Associate professor

LEST / Université d’Aix-Marseille, France

Personal pages: LEST, profil Google

Biography

Gwendoline is an associate professor in Economics at Aix-Marseille University since 2013 and a member of the Laboratoire d’Economie et de Sociologie du Travail (LEST). Her research focuses on economic development, which includes the impact of migrations on institutional and economic mechanisms in both regions of departure and host countries. In her Phd dissertation (obtained in 2012) she analyses how the economic vulnerability of rural-urban migrants affects property rights and land transfers in departure locations. She generally uses mixed methodologies combining qualitative and quantitative analysis through econometrics. Her research refers to institutional economics and economic anthropology.

Research project

Refugees or labour migration are often analysed only as a problem and a cost to the host country. Yet, these forced or voluntary circulations produce economic dynamics at the local level, from which the host countries, especially the settling communities, directly benefit. The relocation of entrepreneurial or industrial activities, as in the province of Mersin in southern Turkey – that has received according to the Centre for Middle East Strategic Studies $ 4 billion of investments led by recently settled Syrians – boosts the economy of the host country and opens up new export segments. Most of the international financing, or financial resources mobilized by NGOs to provide assistance to refugees are invested locally. Moreover, the arrival of a skilled workforce often contributes to the modernization of host regions, and non-qualified labour participates in the development of the informal sector and competitiveness of a number of activities by lowering labour cost.

In fact, the influx of refugees or voluntary migrants has an impact on the local economic sector and the labour market but it is also a source of tension: between the refugees themselves, those traveling with their economic resources (commerce, business, finance), those traveling only with their knowhow (the skilled ones) and those who can only offer their help (the unskilled ones); between the more recent and the oldest refugees (eg. between long-term settled Palestinians and Syrians); and between refugees and local populations.

Thus the arrival of refugees has consequences in terms of new segmentation of the labour market, new social hierarchy, including loss of social standing and social resettlement, and increasingly strong economic interdependence of the populations at a local level. In the context of the Lajeh research project, the LEST researchers will focus on the labour market and local economic dynamics produced by the mass influx of Syrian refugees in the province of Mersin in southern Turkey and within the Lebanese capital where former settled refugees rub shoulders with newcomers, who are sometimes of the same original nationality.

Keywords

migration, labor markets, local economies, economic development, institutions